Adhesive Capsulitis, commonly known as Frozen Shoulder, is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. This condition typically develops gradually, worsens over time, and then resolves, usually within one to three years.
Causes and Risk Factors
The exact cause of adhesive capsulitis is not fully understood, but it often follows an injury or a period of immobilization, such as after surgery or an arm fracture. Risk factors include being over 40 years of age, being female, and having certain medical conditions like diabetes or thyroid disorders.
Stages of Frozen Shoulder
- Freezing Stage: The shoulder becomes painful and range of motion starts to become limited.
- Frozen Stage: Pain may decrease during this stage, but the shoulder becomes stiffer, and using it becomes more difficult.
- Thawing Stage: The range of motion in the shoulder begins to improve.
Symptoms
The primary symptoms are a reduced range of motion and pain in the shoulder. The pain is typically constant, worse at night, and with cold weather. The limited mobility can severely impact daily activities like dressing or reaching for items.
Treatment
Treatment focuses on controlling pain and restoring motion and strength through physical therapy. Options include pain relievers, anti-inflammatory medications, corticosteroid injections, and sometimes, joint distension or shoulder manipulation under anesthesia. Surgery is rarely required.
Prevention and Management
Early intervention is key. Keeping the shoulder joint mobile, even after an injury or surgery, can help prevent adhesive capsulitis. For those already affected, a combination of physical therapy and medication can effectively manage symptoms and improve shoulder function over time.
Adhesive Capsulitis can be a challenging condition, significantly impacting one’s quality of life due to pain and loss of function. However, with proper management and treatment, most people regain shoulder mobility and return to their normal activities.
